Turbine-blading.



.v/ S; Z. DB PBRRANTI.

' TURBINE BLADING.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 15, 1908.

91 6,400, Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

S. Z. DE FERRANTI. TURBINE BLADING. uruonron FILED OUT. 15, 1906.

916,400. Patent ed Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

-TURBINE BLADING.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.15, 190a.

Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

by. fig/2m dmag SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, OF GRINDLEFORD, NEAR SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

TURBINE-BLADING.

Original appli tion filed February 18, 1907, Serial No. 358,047.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 23, 1909.

Divided and this application filed October 15, 1908.

Serial No. 457,854.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, a subject of th King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grindleford, near Sheliield, En land, have invented a certain new and usefu Turbine-Binding, of

' which the fo io. in; is a specification.

This invention r lates to turbine blading of the common type having a face or faces straight longitudinally and curved transvcrsely. Such blading is produced for commercial pur oses by rolling or drawing, the blades p1O(l L 1C6(l beinu in conse uencc frequently marked by longitudina strize or other surface markings and in blades with a very thin edge by small cracks or lines of weakness parallel to the edge and ,due to the longitudinal run'of the grain or fiber of the metal.

The present invention consists in blading produced by swaging, such blading being of greatly improved quality as compared with that now in use and free from the objections mentioned above.

The action of the swages causes metal to. flow transversely from the body of the blade are hardened and consolidated by the heavy pressures'employed so that the ores of the metal are closed and the blade, if of steel, is thereby better able to withstand the attacks of rust. Where the blade is of iron or steel sheathed withan electro-deposition of nickel or other metal the action of the swages in closing the pores of the metal sheathing entirely prevents the iron core rusting through the sheath in the manner well known in connection for example with bicycle handles.

I believe that I am the first to produce swaged turbine blading1 (for motors, comressors or otherwise), ving inter olia the ard non-porous surface and transverse graining of the ed es pointed out above, and

suitable for the production of my improvedblading. In manufacturing such blading according to the method described in my application, Serial N 0. 358,047, filed February 18th, 1907, from which the present application is divided, strip material is first roughed out by any suitable process such as drawing, rolling or otherwise, to a section approximating to that ultimately desired, except that it is narrower and thicker. .The rough strip is then annealed and subjected, prcfer ably cold or nearly so, to a series of step-bvstep swaging operations between dies wor ing under an extremely high pressure, the dies being relatively long as compared with the corresponding pressure areas used in rolling or drawing, so as to provide a suitable resistance to longitudinal flow of the material. The dies must, further be of special hardness to enable them to stand the severe stresses involved and should be finished with a very smooth and bright surface. The effect of the swaging operations is thus on the one hand to cause transverse flow of the strip, thereby producing the fine or sharp edges desired, and on the other'hand to condense or compress the material so as to rcn der it extremely hard and at the same time to render its surface very smooth and polished. Finally, the finished strip may be cut into blades of the desired length by any suit. able means.

I will now describe by way of example, a form of machine adapted to carry certain of the above steps into effect, reference being made for this purpose to the accompanying drawings which form part ofthe specification and of which,

Figure 1 shows an end and Fig. 2 a side view partly in section of a suitable form of machine, Fig. 3 being a detail view of a part of the toggle mechanism taken as a section on the line A B of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a side view of the swaging and clamping dies, Fig. 5 being a section on the line A B of Fig. 4, looking on the swaging die and Fig. (3 an end view looking on the clamping die; Fig. 7' shows a detail of the clamping mechanism as it would appear in Fig. i with the feed gear therein shown removed, while finally Figs-8 and 85 show details of the cam and cc-acting lever.

According. to the form of machine shown, byway of example, in these drawings, a main frame, 0, is provided in which a rotatable shaft, d, is mounted, this shaft carryin a fly wheel, e, and being driven by any suita le means such for instance, as thebelt pulleys,

,showninFig.1.

Tihe upper member, 71., of'the toggle is. pivote can be adjusted by means of the wedge piece, 7:, and hand wheel, m, shown in Fig. 2. Attached to the upper toggle member, h, is an arm or rocker, n, the free end of which is linked to a crank, 0,on the shaft, d, by the connecting rod, 1". Adjustable links, 8, pivotally connected on the one hand to the upper toggle member, h, and on the other hand to the die carrler, t, serve to lift the latter element on the upstroke of the machine while the lower toggle member, a, interposed between the upper member, h, and the to of the. die carrer, t, serves to transmit the w ole power of the machine to the dies on the down or swaging stroke. Guides, '0, of strong construction and conveniently forming part a of the main frame, 0, serve to define the molower roll carries tion of the die carrier and thus prevent any possibility of side motion due to unsymmetrical blade sections.

The position of certain parts of the mechanism at about the beginning of the down stroke is indicated by chain lines in Figs. 2 and'3. In order to feed the strip forward after each swaging action inthe direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 4, two pairs of feed rolls are preferably provided disposed one pair on each side of the dies as regards the passage of the strip between them. The upper roll, w, of each pair is carried in bearings slidably mounted in a suitable frame or housing, at, and is pressed by adjustable springs, 2, against the lower roll, 2, with which itis connected by gearing, 3. The axle of each a ratchet wheel, 4, while loosely mounted on the end of each of these axles is an arm, 5, carrying a pawl, 6, engaging with the teeth of the corresponding ratchet wheel, the two arms being linked together by the couplin rod, 7, so as to move in unison. The paw arms, 5, receive an oscillating motion by means of a link, 8, pivoted to one of them at one end and at the other end to a pin, slidahlefor purposes of feed adjustment in the groove, 10, formed in the disk, 11, carried by the rocking shaft, 12, this shaft in turn receiving its motion from the main shaft, d, by means of the disk crank, 13, drag link, 14, and lever, 15. The effect of the continued revolu tion of the shaft, (2, is thus to give an intermittent and uniform feed to the metal strip being 0 erated upon.

Deta s of the swaging dies are shown on a clamp-operating mg of the blades.

about the axis, '11, the po'sition of which it tapers oif to someextentat each end," as

sho wn at 17, so as to avoid transverse mark- The relatively --great length of the dies also swaging operation to overlap or in other words each particular portion of the length causes the successive of the strip is acted upon more than once by the dies. When the surfaces of the male and female-swaging dies are proximated to their closest extent, they leave a space, 18, (see Fig. 5) exactly representing the section of the blade .to 19, also serves to co-act die, 20, to hold the strip firmly ing the swaging operation.

The clamping of the strip is performed auto matically at the proper moment by means of the mechanism shown in Figs. 2 and/7. A wedge, 22, rests on the clamping die, 20, and is contained within a suitable guide box, 23, so shaped that transverse movement of in place durthe wedge operates the clamping-die. This transverse movement is givento the wedge by means of the lever, 24, pivoted at one'end to it and fulcrumed about the pin, carried, for examplejby the bracket, 26. On the other end of the lever is mounted a screw pin, 24 engaging with the groove, 28, in the cam segment 29, (Figs; 8 and 8 which is itself keyedto the rocking shaft, 12, motion of which thus serves in conjunction with the suitably shaped cam groove, 28, to operate the clamping die intermittently at the proper moment.

The essential operat ons of the machine arethus automatically performed in cycles of the following'nature, viz. clamping, swaging, unclamping, and feeding.

Blades thus constructed, if made, for example, of nickel steel or certain nickel alloys are extremely hard and have the required F V be made of other suitable materials, according to the burnished surface but they may purpose for which they are to be used, viz., whether they are to stand the high temper atures required in gas turbines, or whether be produced. The lower die block,

with the clampingthey are for the lower temperatures required in ordinary steam turbine practice.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to se'cure by Letters Patent is 1. Swaged turbine blade strip.

2. A-swaged turbine blade.

In testimony whereof, I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FER-RANTI.

Witnesses:

ALBERT HALL, WILLIAM Duncan DAVIDSON. 

